Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640) is the most important painter of sketches in the history of European art. His Italian and Flemish predecessors had for the most part prepared their paintings by using drawings. Rubens transformed this process by systematically making sketches in colour, with oil paint, and nearly always on panel supports. Rubens's oil sketches were essentially a new form of painting. They brought together the design and colour stages of preliminary work. Because their purpose was to advance another work of art, oil sketches demanded less effort and time than the final products, and this translated into a less polished finish and smaller size. Rubens's sketches invite us to indulge in his art. They are powerful, vivid renditions of a variety of themes, from ancient history and mythology to religion, still life and portraits. They combine seriousness of purpose and a zest for life, transmitted through a masterly lightness of touch. Their small size and appearance of incompleteness draw us in and entice us to look closely. Their sheer quality is a great source of pleasure and learning. This catalogue presents detailed studies and superb illustrations of eighty-two of Rubens's most eloquent oil sketches, and two essays explaining the historical context from which they emerged, their salient features and how they were viewed by contemporaries.

By the age of just twenty-two, Anthony Van Dyck (1599-1641) had produced over 160 paintings, many of them ambitious compositions of remarkable quality. This book offers an in-depth study of the artist's early career, spanning the eight years between 1613, when the artist was just fourteen, to his departure for Italy from Antwerp in October 1621. Were the paintings he created during these years his only legacy, he would still be recognized as one of the greatest artists of the 17th century. Van Dyck's precocious talents are brilliantly demonstrated in the many important works reproduced here, among them such strikingly original masterpieces as The Betrayal of Christ and Saint Jerome in the Wilderness. Others - The Entry of Christ into Jerusalem and The Lamentation, for example - reveal Van Dyck at his most experimental, in search of new ways of increasing the visual impact of his compositions. Van Dyck was also one of the first painters to rise to the challenge of Rubens' omnipresent influence, evident in works such as Christ Crowned with Thorns.

La presente investigacion realiza un acercamiento a factores relevantes que se encuentran presentes en el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje y que afectan a los adolescentes, tales como Autoestima, Motivacion y Apoyo familiar. Su objetivo principal es conocer y describir dichos factores, ademas medir el nivel en estas tres areas mencionadas en los alumnos del nivel NM1 del Colegio Juan Piamarta de la ciudad de Talca. Es en aquel establecimiento donde se llevo a cabo la investigacion, durante el primer semestre del presente ano, para ello se adopto una metodologia de trabajo sustentada en el paradigma cuantitativo, siendo una investigacion de tipo no experimental, ademas es de caracter transeccional, es decir, recolecta datos en un momento determinado (Primer Semestre 2007). A su vez en la forma en que aborda el fenomeno de investigacion lo hace de manera descriptiva. En cuanto a las tecnicas de recopilacion de informacion, se aplicaron tres instrumentos, uno para cada area, los cuales arrojaron buenos niveles en las tres areas estudiadas."